The ethnic and religious violence in Myanmar is incredibly complex; the traumas of colonialism, poverty, the recent transition from a military government to a more democratic state, and the global war on terror all play major roles in shaping the conflict. [12] David Steinberg, Laws Enforce Discrimination in Myanmar, Asia Times Online (March 18, 2014), http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/SEA-01-180314.html. While peace building is possible, many challenges remain. The Buddha lived an ascetic life with several monks and priests. 0000003605 00000 n Data have been collected since 1948 through a set of questionnaires dispatched annually to over 230 national statistical offices and have been published in the. How has the cultural context of Burmese Buddhism impacted the ways in which Buddhism is practiced in the region? 813-821. [7] The law did not recognize the Rohingya as an ethnic group of Myanmar, stating that any ethnic group that settled in Myanmar after 1823 (the beginning of the First Anglo-Burmese War) was not entitled to citizenship. However, the composition of the Rohingya community, which makes up about 5 percent of the population of approximately 60 million, is intricately linked to Burmas colonial past. Web Myanmar Population LIVE retrieving data. The 2014 census noted that 88% were Buddhist, 6% were Christian, 4.3% were Muslim, 1% were Animist and 0.5% were Hindu. 0000045383 00000 n Eliane Coates, Buddhist Monks in Myanmar: Driving Religious Intolerance and Hindering Reform, RSIS Commentaries No. Burmese Hindus are a mix of Bengalis, Tamils, Telegus, and Uttar Pradeshis who arrived in Burma under British colonialism. Points are best estimates, but should not be taken as exact. 91 0 obj <> endobj hbbd``b`:$C3`\@ !$+ n r6#+#E 0000007386 00000 n (6%CbmYIw<>g0Y@8 e8%A@%`aZ+#t 1$BITDDB%:dQD|_uj2ANWTX$0dCcsrWWTT?8|FpC8Mm7!3t=4Zm6]'^eo:_=@iq"y6PaLq"DsgMnW |1,W&F"q34Eu1UMln2k4rQ-rErX6?\=e5eYk"G`mQyjfB1bR3"AzCW mA/Dafe R^26osQF%87q+{"ke??<7W92'PiA?0NExZ.b`V.E_CqD|mf0$SK|$9jv}|8v}x+w$\c(d; Wd"T:2snU(8 ;'GG'gxr`Q}pfOzkd Uz{6\VzdtmDG._5hE3.gpD#YfWA}0y@o2#MRw))cDcD((ET-nY#d5=`GQUgp>KS/)"gm/u%qA..ybr}}1eF?G=rBVyXz3Jw{03)-%/|kr[GEbs[|)2 Q This is especially the case for the Muslim Rohingya ethnic group who have been living for generations on the northwestern facade of Myanmar in Rakhine State. Myanmar is the most religious Buddhist country with regard to the percentage of the population living as monks and the amount of money spent on religion. The vast majority of people, 89%, profess Buddhism. The most popular form of Buddhism in Myanmar is Theravada Buddhism, mixed with superstitions such as astrology, fortune-telling, and worship [17] Rohingya must also seek official authorization to marry and to cross township borders, and they are barred from many areas of employment, including government jobs.[18]. Approximately 2% of Burmese people are Hindu. MEI welcomes financial donations, but retains sole editorial control over its work and its publications reflect only the authors views. However, while new census results are to be released in 2014, estimates indicate that roughly 89 percent of Myanmars population is Buddhist, and only 4 percent is Muslim. [4] Moshe Yegar, Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2002), 103. xb```f``9 @16)LV20U`&x(<>UY&Qs6.Aau^kC: CB,E(32`[kP9#Lv 384:0ac,f8` .lez "l]2gr0i-Zp, After Christianity, the third-largestreligion in Myanmaris Islam. One monk, U Withuta, housed over 800 Muslims in his monastery during anti-Muslim riots, telling the mob that approached that they would have to kill him to reach those he protected inside. All rights reserved. Prayer cards are formatted eight to a page. He later said to a reporter: I was only doing it in accordance with Buddhas teachings. - Few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as Christians. 0000005648 00000 n However, the large movement of Rohingyas in 2017 has halved the number of Muslims in the country.. [9] Jane Perlez, Rise in Bigotry Fuels Massacre Inside Myanmar, New York Times (March 2, 2014), http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass. It does not engage in advocacy and its scholars opinions are their own. H\0~ He experienced enlightenment, a kind of extraordinary clairvoyance, a great wisdom where he understood that man causes his own suffering by undertaking and carrying out negative actions. In rare instances a representative photo may be used. Before making travel plans based on data presented here, please confirm with other sources to the extent possible. Try our business solution for free. Nearly 90% of the country is Buddhist, and most are members of the majority ethnic community known as Burmans. 0000006478 00000 n startxref 0000004016 00000 n The prince of a small kingdom in India, he lived in opulence thanks to his familys wealth without having the slightest contact with anything outside the palace, neither with poverty, nor with misery, nor death. 0000010980 00000 n [11] Jamie Pinnock, Burma: Buddhism and the Rise of Burmese Militant Nationalism, The Foreign Report (July 1, 2013), http://www.theforeignreport.com/2013/07/01/burma-buddhism-and-the-rise-. It is a doctrine, a philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha contained in the Four Noble Truths: 1) The truth of suffering; 2) the cause of suffering; 3) the cessation of suffering and; 4) the path that leads to the cessation of suffering. Human Rights Watch found that rather than protecting civilians at risk, Burmese police either stood by or actively engaged in and contributed to the unfolding violence. Some may not be viable and/or have incorrect Progress Scale values, population, language and religion information. 54, No. endstream endobj 95 0 obj <>stream The tacit approval by the government of discriminatory policies toward Rohingyaand the widespread impunity for most perpetrators of violence, including the authoritiesremain a key concern in Myanmars transformation from a military dictatorship into a democracy. New media, such as Facebook, have facilitated the rapid spread of accusations, often inflaming already volatile situations. - Evangelicals have a significant presence. Births attended by skilled health personnel, per cent, 2004-2020 Population aged 0-14, percent: Proportion of the population between age 0 and age 14. Myanmar | Religion and Public Life at Harvard Divinity School Blanks mean an unknown value. Now, the last partial census was conducted in 1983, and until 2014, the last officially recorded nationwide census hadn't occurred since 1931. 5 (1799), 237, http://www.networkmyanmar.com/images/stories/PDF12/rohingya-origins-1-r. Their children are often forced to participate in Buddhist rituals which take place at school every morning before class begins. This page provides - Myanmar Inflation Rate - actual values, Be respectful of the different cultures and keep an open mind as you explore this beautiful country! WebBasic facts. 19, Issue 10 (2013), 1. [20] The Rakhine Commission of Inquiry was established by Executive Order on 17 August 2012. endstream endobj startxref 0000010535 00000 n 0000008816 00000 n endstream endobj 37 0 obj <> endobj 38 0 obj <> endobj 39 0 obj <>stream In 1989, an unelected military regime changed the name of Burma to Myanmar. These laws were most common in the Middle East and North Africa, where 18 of the 20 countries (90%) in the region have laws criminalizing blasphemy and 13 of them (65%) outlaw apostasy. Myanmar is predominantly a Buddhist country, with around 90% of the population following Theravada Buddhism. Islam (4%), Hinduism (1%), Christianity (7%) and animism (1%) are also practiced in the 0000029681 00000 n Manfred Hutter, Hindus in Southeast and East Asia, Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Eds. For a description of the Commissions composition, mandate, and methodology, see Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Final Report of Inquiry Commission on Sectarian Violence in Rakhine State (July 8, 2013), i-ii, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Rakhine_Commission_Report-en-red.pdf . This glossary lists terms that are used in various places in the religion and country profiles. One Buddhist nationalist monk, U Wirathu, was even described on the cover of Time Magazine as The Face of Buddhist Terror in 2013. [23] See Kyaw San Wai, Western Myanmar Unrest: Partisan Portrayals Risk Extremist Implications, RSIS Commentaries 131/2012, http://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/8784/RSIS1312012.pdf?sequen. %%EOF Approximately 2% of Burmese people are Hindu. The short form, which was asked of 80 percent of the total population, includes only seven basic questions: name, relationship to the head of the household, sex, age, marital status, race and religion. The vast majority of people, 89%, profess Buddhism. H#6^l? 9?(5S&G qa{uCiV;T(!DU4\d,mq9Hq!i Z+s)[/tnd\g:k[qPr HkxjQ!Orw],V +J1+WY#4OtF&:. Are religious doctrinal differences primarily responsible for stoking intercommunal fear and hatred? 117 0 obj <>stream While the tangled roots of the Rohingya have played a critical role in the recent inter-religious violence between Rohingya and Buddhists, so too has the rise of Burman-Buddhist ethno-nationalism. 0000001544 00000 n Web The difference is that Myanmar or Burma as it was known For example, one law promoted by monks in 2013 declared that Buddhist women could not marry a man of another faith without official permission from local authorities. There have been numerous sermons from such leaders promoting coexistence, decrying the restrictions on interfaith marriages, and building interfaith understanding. How does the situation in Myanmar make simplistic statements like these problematic? These elements of the Buddhist community have justified their actions using Buddhist theology, claiming that violence is acceptable if it is done in defense of their religion. Subscribe and receive our travel ideas and tips twice a month, Shanti Travel14 rue de Tolbiac75013 Paris. Literacy is only at 75.6% of the population over the age of 15 years. H\0>E? B-x`u Some countries, and the United Nations recognize the name change due to the paperwork and preference to allow members to name themselves as they wish so long as the decision is recorded. WebPew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Mapping the Global Muslim Population www.pewforum.org 39 Estimated Percentage Range of Shia by Country Afghanistan 10 [19] Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Final Report of Inquiry Commission on Sectarian Violence in Rakhine State (8 July 2013), 62, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Rakhine_Commission_Report-en-red.pdf. A displayed zero can mean true zero, a very small rounded number or sometimes unknown. 0000002037 00000 n 545 million or 545 crores read about list of countries in Asia by population Myanmar Demographics Religion in Myanmar. 0000001481 00000 n Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Religion and Society Graduate Certificate (Harvard Extension School). Thousands of monks have participated in anti-Muslim demonstrations, increasing interreligious tensions in the region. Population aged 15-64 . WebMyanmar Myanmar - Overview Population. 1763 N St. NW, Washington D.C. 20036. Other ethnic groups include the Mon (2%), Overseas Indians (2%) and the Kachin, Chin, Anglo-Indians, Nepali and Anglo-Burmese. The demographic study based on analysis of more than 2,500 censuses, surveys and population registers finds 2.2 billion Christians (32% of the worlds population), 1.6 billion Muslims (23%), 1 billion Hindus (15%), nearly 500 million Buddhists (7%) and 14 million Jews (0.2%) around the world as of 2010. %%EOF WebReligion in Myanmar is spread across Buddhist with 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, and none at 0.1% of the population. Myanmar Religion Percentage 2023 April 15, 2023 Web As of 2019 the Yangon region was the most populous region in Myanmar with a population of over eight million. Between 1951 and 1961, the Muslim population expanded by 32.7%, 11 percentage points more than Indias overall rate of 21.6%. 0000005198 00000 n As always, when thinking about religion and conflict, maintain a focus on how religion is internally diverse, always evolving and changing, and always embedded in specific cultures. [22] Eliane Coates, Buddhist Monks in Myanmar: Driving Religious Intolerance and Hindering Reform, RSIS Commentaries No. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass. 26 0 obj <> endobj The segregation these actions caused between local Buddhist and Muslim communities continues to foment distrust and lingering resentment amongst local Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya. The country is very ethnically diverse with 135 ethnic groups recognized by the government. In general, Christian ethnic minorities are have faced discrimination in Myanmar and treatment as second-class citizens. 1 (January/ February 2014), 28. <<57BE3D378E3A604FB7CB217D76EC3B8D>]>> [5] Imtiaz Ahmed, The Plight of the Stateless Rohingyas (Bangladesh: The University Press Limited, 2010). Burmese Buddhists, as in all of South East Asia, believe in reincarnation and Karma, the natural law of causes and their consequences. The population growth rate is slowly decreasing, resulting in population growth to cease around 2054 and the population to start shrinking thereafter. 0000020137 00000 n To date, Buddhist mobs have killed more than 200 Muslims, the majority of whom are Rohingya, and caused the displacement of more than 140,000.[9]. 0000010110 00000 n [15] Jane Perlez, Rise in Bigotry Fuels Massacre Inside Myanmar, International New York Times (March 1, 2014). MYANMAR RELIGIONS THE OVERVIEW OF MYANMAR RELIGION The main religions of the country are Buddhism (89.2%), Christianity (5.0%), Islam (3.8%), WebMyanmar is the most religious Buddhist country with regard to the percentage of the population living as monks and the amount of money spent on religion. [10] The 969 movement has gained many followers by labeling itself as a protector of Buddhism from aliens or non-native persons. [nor] could [they] write or read the official Bamar language used in government communications.[19] Indeed, the majority of Rohingya speak a dialect similar to Bengali, and many can read and write in Urdu. 0000006915 00000 n 1. These Buddhist monastics, and supportive lay people, have also organized to advocate for economic and legal oppression of Muslims. Web The vast majority of the citizens of Myanmar a nation in southeast Asia are Theravada Buddhists. Myanmar has maintained steady growth over the past century despite its battles both in ending British rule and with the ongoing civil wars. The organized movement has enlisted monasteries across Myanmar to spread radical anti-Muslim messages through Sunday schools, and by handing out stickers and distributing pamphlets and DVDs.[11] As David Steinberg of Georgetown University highlights, the significance of Buddhist monks leading this campaign cannot be underestimated, as few, if any, in the Burman community can publicly dispute a monks announcement on an ostensibly religious issue.[12] Indeed, monks wield the highest level of moral authority in Myanmar and can thus pursue an ethno-nationalist agenda without hindrance.
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