minorities influence majority opinion primarily through

(1986). 79, 385397. Minority influence is a type of social influence which results in a change ofviews amongstthe majority of members within a group. Crano, W. D., and Chen, X. doi: 10.1177/0146167202288008, Prislin, R., and Christensen, P. N. (2002). Psychol. Psychol. For example, minorities motivated to be socially validated and those motivated to gain social control are likely to pursue social change seeking converts to their position to transform themselves to a majority (minority majority). Length of time it takes to effect social change may vary but social change is always a process of evolution. have strong norms about how people should behave. Yet, maturity appears to come at the expense of vigor. This may be especially true for new majorities (former minorities) who earn their position through social change. On being influenced while trying to persuade: The feedback effect of persuasion outcomes to the persuader. Whereas numerous other factors may be proposed, they likely covary with the included factors of time, competitive influence dynamics, and motivation. J. Pers. ed. In contrast, minority influence occurs When a minority opinion is introduced, people are more The effects of social change within a group on membership preferences: to leave or not to leave. Minorities influence majority opinion primarily through Whereas such conversion is the condition sine qua non for a minority to become a majority, it also signals unreliability and ultimately, instability of the majority position. P. A. van Lange, E. T. Higgins, and A. W. Kruglanski (New York: Guilford Press), 181201. Exam 3 - extra credit.docx - Extra credit redemption from eds. Minority dissent and team innovation: the importance of participation in decision making. Nemeth and Wachtler (1974) conducted an experiment in which a group of participants (including a confederate) were asked to decide the amount of compensation that ought to be awarded to a person who had been injured. Minority influence and climate change. Dr. Gest is a political scientist who studies and writes about immigration, nativism and demographic change. From marginal to mainstream and vice versa: Leaders valuation of diversity while in the minority versus majority. Instead of identifying with the minority group, individuals will dissociate the minority views from the people who promoted them. Studies done in this tradition have generated valuable insights into the nature and outcomes of minority influence, specifying conditions under which a minority exerts influence and the processing underlying such influence. It encompasses attitudinal reactions (e.g., growing concerns about climate change), behavioral reactions (e.g., growing use of a clean energy), political impact (e.g., Green parties, which exist in most democratic systems, have entered into several coalition governments, taking premierships in some), and structural changes (e.g., laws mandating elimination of climate-damaging emission by a certain date have been passed in several countries).1. But nevertheless, when you, when, when I look at the literature and when I see what the reasons the possible reasons for the since government maintaining very firm hand on law and order. (2001). After the arrival of millions of Irish, the 15th Amendment enfranchised millions of African American men in 1870. If there are reasons for optimism, they include signs of an increasing theoretical and methodological diversity in our discipline. And there is precious little evidence of real solidarity among Americas diverse minority ethnic groups. Vol. They may even besuspicious of a new manager who suggests that they update their manufacturing methods. Dynamics of change: Minority influence makes the world go around, in Minority Influence and Innovation: Antecedents, Processes and Consequences. Several integrative models profitably combine the information processing and social identity approaches, capitalizing on their complementary strengths (Prez and Mugny, 1996; Crano, 2001). The resulting backlash created a wave of support for the xenophobic Know Nothing movement and its nativist American Party. (2001). Such support transforms what initially is typically construed as a minoritys subjective proposition into an objectively correct position synonymous with reality (Hardin and Higgins, 1996; Echterhoff and Higgins, 2017). The latter strategies are especially likely in the cases of mutual interdependence between majorities and minorities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. The civil rights movement in the United States during the 1950s and 60s used minority influence to gain support for the equal rights of citizens, irrespective of race. One should never waste a good crisis. Whereas turning opponents to supporters appeared to make successful minorities smarter, successfully retaining initially won support did not affect successful majoritys persuasibility. F. Butera and J. M. Levine (Cambridge University Press), 333353. (1990). R. Martin and M. Hewstone (New York: Psychology Press), 285312. Minoritys success at effecting social change and ipso facto, majoritys failure to prevent it, should influence not only their reactions toward the group but also their capacity to further argue their positions. I am not arguing that the Census Bureau should stop collecting this valuable data, la Frances farcical attempt to be secular and race blind. Rigidity and minority influence: The influence of the social in social influences, in Perspectives on Minority Influence. ^Search was performed using the following key words: minority influence, defiance, deviance, innovation, social influence and change/effect/impact. Because of the earlier discussed asymmetry in reactions to losses and gains, the presumed intensely negative reactions of the former majorities, but only mildly positive reactions of the former minorities, should render the group weak immediately after experiencing social change via conversion. To what extent are people controlled by their roles in society? Psychol. Minority influence and political interest groups, in The Social Psychology of Politics. 6. WebMinority influence is the opposite process of conformity. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1095, Prislin, R., and Christensen, P. N. (2005a). Moscovici, S., and Prez, J. At best, and even that rarely, they are assessed twice, with a second assessment intended to detect the hypothesized delayed effect of minority influence on a focal point of its advocacy (David and Turner, 1996; Crano and Chen, 1998, Study 1; 1999). Moscovici, S. (1994). Being in a minority is a social condition, often characterized by adverse outcomes, tangible and intangible alike (for review, see Prislin and Christensen, 2005a). informational social influence because it happens when a person conforms to gain Social change in the aftermath of successful minority influence. Psychol. The researchers found that when the confederate seated themselves, without guidance, at the head seat, other participants were more likely to agree with their suggestion of an amount of compensation than if they followed the experimenter's directions. ^Social influence research has traditionally assumed that a motive for social acceptance underlies yielding to social influence (Deutsch and Gerard, 1955), not exerting social influence. In what follows, the importance of these factors is discussed and illustrated by a few initial explorations. Gordijn et al (2002) found that a minority was less influential when the number of members expressing an opinion remained constant or decreased, compared to when members perceived the minority to be increasing in numbers. 15, 323355. Participants were instructed to sit around a table to discuss the compensation amount, either in seats which were grouped, or in a solitary seat at the head of the table. Psychol. Soc. (2011). Klandermans, B. Conversion vs. tolerance: minority-focused influence strategies can affect group loyalty. L. Berkowitz (New York: Academic Press), 309367. Because gains are experienced less intensely than the comparable losses (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979), changes away from the minority position should elicit positive reactions that are weaker than negative reactions to changes away from the majority positions. Rather, I am arguing that we should place far less stock in the importance of the results to the future of our country. In contrast to these sources, those who were consistently rejected to remain in a minority, as well as those who lost social support to be turned from a majority to a minority (majority minority), lost much of their persuasive efficacy over time. M. P. Zanna (New York: Elsevier), 237326. Rather, it has focused dominantly on the cognitive processes and attitudinal change in response to a minority advocacy or minority mere presence, and, to a lesser degree, to the role of minority influence in decision-making and task groups. But whilst peer pressure leads to public compliance (e.g. Latan, B. Justin Gest (@_JustinGest) is an associate professor of policy and government at George Mason Universitys Schar School of Policy and Government. (1997). What the Majority Minority Shift Really Means for America Even though it promoted the rights of a minority of the population, the movement helped to end public segregation based on race with the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. Psychological processes in social action, in APA Handbook of Personality and social Psychology. Prislin, R., and Christensen, P. N. (2009). Understanding their motivations is in the core of psychological approaches to social action, with different models emphasizing a variety of motives that reflect groups moral, fairness, and identity standards. (eds.) Group decision making under conditions of distributed knowledge: The information asymmetries model. At what point in time does it become public and sufficiently substantial to change social relations and social structure within a group? 35, 137149. Bull. Learn to interpret body language signals and better understand people's emotions. eds. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.5, Baumeister, R. F., and Leary, M. R. (1995). It is possible that we are now in the process of similarly altering our conception of whiteness again. Influence and its aftermath: Motives for agreement among minorities and majorities, in Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion. Latan, B., and Nowak, A. (1981). Tight cultures differ from loose cultures in that they. In contrast, and in support of hypothesis 3, change via increased tolerance for diversity within a group dramatically increased attachment and loyalty to the group among those former in the minority (minority majority) while preserving attachment and loyalty to the group among those former in the majority (majority minority) (Prislin and Filson, 2009; Shafer and Prislin, 2011) In short, recognizing that minority influence originates from a variety of motives expands the scope of influence strategies and types of social changes to be considered. WebMajority influence occurs when people conform to certain beliefs and behaviours in order to be accepted by others. The motives of a minority, as perceived by other individuals, can also affect the influence it is able to exert on the majority. Social influence can occur when a minority (small group) changes the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of a majority; this is known as minority influence. In contrast, studies of interacting groups tasked with reaching a consensual decision have frequently demonstrated publicly stated, direct changes in opinions toward focal issues of minority advocacy (Paicheler and Flath, 1988; Smith et al., 1996). The many reasons behind minorities pursuit of social change could be broadly recognized as seeking social validation, social control, or social acceptance. Procedural mechanisms and jury behavior, in Applied Social Psychology. Regarding the social validation motive, minorities, of course, must have an initial sense of correctness in order to start exerting influence (Prislin and Christensen, 2009). J. Majority and minority influence. - APA PsycNET Creative problem solving as a result of majority vs minority influence. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.6.1191, De Groeve, B., and Rosenfeld, D. L. (2022). Moscovici, S., Lage, E. and Naffrechoux, M. (1969). Butera, F., and Levine, J. M. How is that private change communicated over time? Differential contributions of majority and minority influence. While standing firm, minorities must also convey a level of open-mindedness in acknowledging others positions to avoid being perceived as rigid (Papastamou and Mugny, 1985). Whereas any classification of motives is unavoidably imperfect, three broad motives are readily identifiable from the previously mentioned analysis of minority and majority positions (Prislin and Christensen, 2005a; Prislin and Wood, 2005): Social validation or a sense of correctness, social acceptance or a sense of belonging, and social control or access to tangible benefits (e.g., resources, power). And even if the Census Bureaus categories reinforce the racial boundaries that too often divide American society, these categories are also starting to show signs of their mutability. R. Martin and M. Hewstone (New York: Psychology Press), 229262. The dynamic nature of social influence is additionally evident in its multidirectionality, with multiple factions within a group competing to prevail. Crano, W. D. (2001). Minority Influence and Innovation: Antecedents, Processes, and Consequences. How do they shape their influence strategies over time? The innovative theorizing about active minorities and their effect on the world revitalized research on social influence. Latan, B., and Wolf, S. (1981). Refining the agenda as further theoretical developments and empirical findings outline should be relatively easy. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1437, David, B., and Turner, J. C. (1996). (2000). eds. Minority sources persuasibility increased over time when their targets increasingly favorable reactions turned them into a majority (minority majority).
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