You will then need to scroll through the images until you find the correct image. [11] Gaspard de Gallatin, Journal of the Siege of Yorktown (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1931), 31. sick at F This database contains applications for membership in the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution approved between 1889 and 31 December 1970. The Childers reforms of 1881 (a process which began with the Cardwell reforms of the 1870s) led to major changes within infantry (foot) regiments: The arrangement of WO 16 reflects the re-organisation of the army following the Cardwell-Childers reforms. Private Harrisons second-in-command was the versatile and capable Lt. Col. Edward Carrington. On September 3, 1783, the Revolutionary War came to an official end with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. 19, 1781 Benedict Arnold. The Battle of Yorktown proved to be the decisive engagement of the American Revolution. These documents include muster rolls, payrolls, strength returns, and other miscellaneous personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units, 1775-83. . Stivors Washington's Officers at Valley Forge. Nov. 7, 1781 They are found at the end of each quarter (or the beginning for regiments stationed in India). Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! At the time, British forces were fighting on two fronts, with General Henry Clinton occupying New York City, and Cornwallis, who had already captured Charleston and Savannah, in South Carolina. By virtue of its size among the artillery units at Yorktown the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment became the core American artillery unit there. Francis Bilas The Battle of Yorktown (Sep 28, 1781 - Oct 19, 1781) was the final battle of the American Revolution, fought between Colonial troops and the British Army at Yorktown, Virginia. Capt. After the British had been escorted away towards prisoner of war camps, the artillerymen loaded the siege guns and supplies on transports for return up the Chesapeake Bay. 2010), pp. Brown, The American Campaigns of Rochambeaus Army 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972), 1:33; Claude C. Sturgill, ed., Rochambeaus Memoire de la Guerre en Amerique, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 78 (Jan. 1970): 61; Marquis de Chastellux, Travels in North America, in the Years 1780, 1781, and 1782 (London: G.G. Private For the colonies, the long struggle for independence was leading to enormous debt, food shortages, and a lack of morale among the soldiers. In 1777, a delegation headed by Benjamin Franklin arrived at the court of Louis XVI to negotiate an alliance between the United States and France. Private John Atlhause The war with Britain had reached a stalemate. The books themselves are in alphabetical order of soldiers names. The musters, service records and attestation papers of the German and Swiss Legions are in WO 15, searchable by regiment in our catalogue. [15], Daily details for the batteries totaled between 120 and 200 officers and men during the first five days of the siege, reflecting the fact that the Americans probably had a maximum of twenty pieces of ordnance mounted during that period. "Oh God, it is all over!" [11], A detail of artillerymen was appointed each day to work during daylight hours in the artillery parks laboratory where ammunition was prepared for delivery to the batteries. British redoubts #9 and #10 prevent the second parallel from extending to the river and the British are still able to reinforce the garrisons inside the redoubts. militia employed in the summer and autumn of 1777 to oppose the British invasion at Brandywine and on the flanks at the battle of Germantown, though in neither case did they actually see action. Muster Rolls, 1860-1939. Thanks! 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, National Archives Building in Washington, DC, National Archives at College Park, Maryland, Know Your Records: U.S. Navy Muster Rolls and Personnel Diaries, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. The British surrender forecast the end of British rule in the colonies and the birth of a new nationthe United States of America. By October 7 many persons were busily employed there. Thomas Pattens small company of artificers that supported the artillerymen. 9 and No. The march they chose was The World Turned Upside Down. The anecdote was told second hand by a Maj. William Jackson of Philadelphia, who claimed to have received the information from Lt. Col. John Laurens. [17], American gunners were effective in hitting targeted British artillery positions and fortifications and in inflicting great damage on British troops. Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence The legend about the British singing a popular tune called The World Turned Upside Down originated 30 years after the war in Alexander GardensAnecdotes of the American Revolution2ndseries (Charleston, 1828), p. 18. Aerial Assortments. The calculation mentioned in the text does not account for men required as guards or laboratory workers, but is overly conservative in assuming that Knox would deploy throughout the siege all of the artillery he transported to Yorktown. Copyright 1996-presentThese pages may be freely linked to but not duplicated in any fashion without my written consent. To view the muster roll or pay list itself you will need to order the original document. A-024. $249.99 Add to Favorites . Donald McNeal During the Crimean War, men were recruited abroad to form the British German Legion, the British Italian Legion, and the British Swiss Legion. These show a total of 235 officers and men which, with the addition of regimental staff, is consistent with the total of 242 in the October 1, 1781 return. Journal Of The Brigade Of The American Revolution vol. They provide a soldiers: From about 1868 musters may also include Marriage Rolls giving details of children and wives occupying married quarters. Proclaimed traitors to the US 1778. Dodging heavy fire, they let out war whoops that startled their enemies. Aerial. Early in the siege a typical detail from the 2nd Regiment numbered fourteen, to which were added men from the other artillery regiments as well as the three auxiliary units. Fredk. During the American Revolution, the colonies were facing a superpower. Althause is my Ancestry.ca Free Trial, Janie Riley is an avid genealogist with a habit of stumbling on to dead bodies. John Mackenzie The outcome in Yorktown, Virginia marked the conclusion of the last major battle of the American Revolution and the start of a new nation's independence. New Yorker Assortment, 1 Box. To browse this image set, select from the options below. Oct . Lafayettes force arrived at Richmond in late April and spent the spring and summer maneuvering against British forces under Gen. William Phillips, and after his death under Lt. Gen. Charles, Lord Cornwallis. The heavy cannons pounded the British mercilessly, and by October 11 had knocked out most of the British guns, the Army Heritage Center Foundation states. Meyers, 1893), 15: 750. General Lord Cornwallis surrendering his sword and his army to General George Washington and the Continental and French armies after the final battle of the Revolutionary War on October 19, 1781 in Yorktown, Virginia. For more information on soldiers records from this period see our guide to British Army soldiers up to 1913. The Allied armies marched hundreds of miles from their headquarters north of New York City to Yorktown, making theirs the largest troop movement of the American Revolution. Sick at F 19, 1781 The mission was a success, with the King agreeing to send muskets, mortars, gunpowder, and cash to America. Their daily rate of fire averaged 686 rounds varying from a low of about 240 to a high of over 1,600; American gunners hurled over one hundred tons of metal at the British during the bombardment. [18] Tilden, Extracts from the Journal of Lieutenant John Bell Tilden, 61; Minutes of Occurrences respecting the Seige (sic) and Capture of York in Virginia, extracted from the Journal of Colonel Jonathan Trumbull, Secretary to the General, 1781, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 14 (1875-76): 336; Henry Lee, Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States (Washington: Peter Force, 1827), 360, 365; Benjamin Franklin Stevens, ed., The Campaign in Virginia 1781: An Exact Reprint of Six Rare Pamphlets on the Clinton-Cornwallis Controversy (London, 1888), II:205; Howard C. Rice, Jr., and Anne S.K. See Mercenaries for the Crimea by C C Bayley (London, 1977). We strive for accuracy and fairness. Montgomery, Thomas Lynch. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. 1st New York and militia unable to prevent Johnson's retreat to Canada. Still, The World Turned Upside Down creates the perfect ending to an event that changed the nation and the world. He would fool Clinton into thinking the Continentals were planning to attack New York while instead sneaking away to the south to attack Cornwallis, according to the Army Heritage Center Foundation. To more easily find your ancestor in this collection, you'll need to know the state and military unit. The muster rolls are on fold3.com. Artillery at Yorktown: A Statistical Overview (Part 1 of 2) The Brigade Dispatch. Later, it is said that the British band played the tune The Worlds Turned Upside Down during the surrender at Yorktownan apocryphal story that has become part of American folklore. [14] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-17, 1781. Private The Founding Father wasnt the top pick of Major General Marquis de Lafayette for the job, but Hamilton, who wanted to improve his reputation by proving himself on the battlefield, talked Washington into it. Prime Minister Frederick North exclaimed upon hearing of the Yorktown surrender, writes Alan Taylor in American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804. [6], Washington next ordered Brig. Assault upon Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. . The first entry for a recruit in a muster book usually gives his age, place of enlistment and trade. British general Charles Lord Cornwallis dispatched Major Patrick Ferguson to North Carolina in early September 1780. The British seek honorable terms of surrender, but Washington refuses as American forces were denied the that honor in Charleston, South Carolina, earlier in the war. Private After six years of war, both the British and Continental armies were exhausted. Each series is searchable in Discovery, our catalogue. [20] Reynolds, Virginia State and Continental Regiments, 346-347; Christopher L. Ward, The Delaware Continentals 1776-1783 (Cranbury, NJ: The Scholars Bookshelf, 2005), 473; David Cobb, Diary of General David Cobb, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 19 (1881-1882): 70; Sims, Military Career of John Lamb, 210-212; Gen. Knox to Col. Lamb, November 2, 1781, GLC02437.01280, GLI. or Yorktown. You can browse these by regiment. J. and J. Robinson, 1787), 1:133-134; Orderly Book of the Siege of Yorktown, 47; Knoxs Brigade Orders, October 21, 1781, The Magazine of American History 6 (New York: A.S. Barnes & Company, 1881): 51. To maintain stealth, soldiers do not to load or prime their weapons. Most of the muster rolls that have survived were made up just before the men were discharged from duty. Of the four Continental artillery regiments that existed at the time, only the 2nd and 3rd were with the army in New York and the 3rd was to remain there in a defensive posture. . John Armstrong. Aerial Assortments. Starting at the historic Surrender Field, the course is mostly flat with a some . Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Muster Rolls, 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment, September 1781, found at fold3.com, accessed January 15, 2017. An analysis of pension applications by members of the 2nd Continental Artillery shows that the majority enlisted in New York. This engagement further weakened British attempts to wrest the southern colonies from American control. A total of 14,000 men were recruited, although none saw active service: they were disbanded after the war. John Cadwalader. It was obvious that the Americans needed a big victory if they were to convince the peace conference in Europe that they had a right to demand independence for all thirteen colonies, writes Thomas Fleming in his book,Yorktown. Brig. Private Hockman Michael Rayen With a small force left in New York, about 2,500 Americans and 4,000 French soldiersfacing some 8,000 British troopsbegan digging their own trenches 800 yards from the Brits and started a nearly week-long artillery assault on the enemy on October 9. Battle Of Yorktown 4-1, 1 Box. Available now on Amazon.com and Amazon.ca, Submitter: Linda Harper At that time, musicians played in the regiment in which they enlisted, not in a large massed band. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Use the arrows at the bottom of the tour to navigate between scenes and click the tour points to learn more about the battlefield. Muster rolls exist for five of Lambs companies taken at Head of Elk in early September on the journey south. During the attack on Redoubts 9 and 10 on the evening of October 14, the 2nd Artillerys Capt. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. The successful siege allowed the allies to complete the second parallel trench and snuffed out the last remains of resistance among the British. In a final effort on October 16, Cornwallis attempted a nighttime sea evacuation, but he was stopped by a storm. Benj. He, and his company, participated in the engagement at Quintan's Bridge N.J. on March 18, 1778 and the . These give a description of each soldier, his age, place of birth, trade and service, and are in WO 25/266-688, which can be searched by regiment in our catalogue. Althause's Company of New York Volunteers The 1st Maryland Regiment under William Smallwood was held in reserve. On the American side, George Washington touches off the first cannon to commence their assault. [12], Most of the artillery had been hauled from Trebells Landing across the peninsula six miles to the artillery park by October 6 allowing Knoxs men to concentrate on completing the batteries and moving guns and mortars into them. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. George Haines Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: Colonial National Historical Park - Yorktown Battlefield P.O. George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799 . When British General Lord Charles Cornwallis and his army surrendered toGeneralGeorge Washingtons American force and its French allies at the Battle of Yorktown on October 19, 1781, it was more than just military win. Knoxs order for ricochet firing may account for many of the unexploded shells since fuses could have been damaged or torn out from ground contact before the shells exploded. 19, 1781 But I guess since, Appreciated Stuarts podcast and learned a lot. Both sides were desperately seeking a definitive victory. Cornwallis has thrown up a series of redoubts on the outskirts of Yorktown while the majority of his men hunker down in the town. [16], Although Knoxs gunners were primarily engaged managing siege weapons, they had also brought field artillery to Yorktown. containing company and regimental muster and pay rolls of the regiments of the Connecticut "Line," together with numerous militia rolls and miscellaneous papers, and the large . NARA M246. But the demoralizing loss at Yorktown diminished the British will to continue to fight the rebels. Surrender of Conwallis. Capt. 19, 1781 Sick at F The British Army marched out with colours cased, and drums beating a British or a German march. Private Sick at F Capt. PA Revolutionary War Records from Archives. The two merged in 1856, as the Royal Engineers, Infantry regiments, which had been known by numbers (for example, 28th Foot), were to become known by a title, usually a county, Regiments from the 26th Foot onwards were paired together to form new regiments (for example, the 28th Foot and the 61st Foot became the Gloucester Regiment), Each new regiment was to have two battalions, as the first 25 Foot regiments already did, The lower number became the 1st battalion and the higher number became the 2nd battalion (thus, the 28th Foot and the 61st Foot became the 1st and 2nd Battalions respectively of the Gloucester Regiment), All infantry regiments were placed into numbered regimental districts. Debeck In this encounter, called the Battle of the Capes, the British fleet is soundly defeated and forced to abandon Cornwalliss army at Yorktown. present There are some difficulties in using WO 16, caused by the re-organisation of the Army in 1881. Oneida Indians move to Fort Schuyler for protection. 19, 1781. Sick at F 09:00 to 17:00. 26-32. Muster rolls for the other two regiments for early 1782 are proxies for the September 1781 rolls. pp. bunna@archive.org Valley Forge Muster Roll. You can browse these by regiment. October 19. In Calculation of Artillery & for operation, GLC02437.9947, GLI, Knox speculated the French could furnish a total of twenty-eight pieces. In regard to the Militia, very little is known and that little is extremely fragmentary. [15] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-16, 1781; William Stevens, A System for the Discipline of the Artillery of the United States of America, or, the Young Artillerists Pocket Companion (New York: William A. Davis, 1797), 195. Alex Collins Voluntary military service is contractual, so it's a type of indentured servitude.
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