So, there is nothing incest in it. So she has been explicitly called Patni/wife as per Brihadaranyaka upanishad : . Foreign Secretary assures no Indian will be left behind in conflict-hit Sudan, How radical preacher Amritpal Singh was arrested, PM Modi to inaugurate Indias first Water Metro in Kerala on April 25, Rain brings respite from heat in north India, some other parts of country, Umesh Pal to Atiq Ahmad: A chronology of killings in UP, Maharashtra heatwave: These places are among hottest in country, Rebellion, resignation & tears: Miffed over Karnataka poll list, many leaders exit BJP, UN hints Indias population worlds largest, Mumbai & Delhi top list of cities, Copyright 2023 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. It was because of his attempting to seduce his own daughter that Siva decapitated him. organs of senses, similarly the damsel Satarp's body was beyond the Ayub Khan is a gangster from Hyderabad who is serving a seven-year sentence in prison. Brahma splits himself and the left-half forms a woman. This might not fulfill the answer because we are of meager brains, we need to learn a lot to translate and get the actual meaning of Puranas correctly. 4 rank in military spending isn't big deal, Situation in Sudan volatile, no Indian will be left behind: MEA, UP man who eloped with his sons girlfriend, arrested, How to reduce your risk of developing arthritis, K'taka: BJP rolls out special mission to defeat defectors, Terms of Use and Grievance Redressal Policy. According to Diwan Jarmani Das, Maharaja Bhupinder Singh had 83 children from ten wives out of which only 53 were able to survive. In Hinduism, the main duty of a woman is serving her husband and family, and several Hindu festivals reflect this, by reinforcing the tradition of a woman fasting, or performing other rituals, to pray for her husbands long life. It also contained the photo of a newspaper report whose headline said: Muslim man married own daughter, impregnates her.". No, Video Viral With False Claim. Some communities, like the Brahmins in Mithila, use genealogical records ("Panjikas") maintained by the specialists. Many people believe that arranged marriage is the traditional form of marriage in India; however, the concept of love marriage has gained popularity as well, especially in urban areas. The video's title translated to '60-year-old man married two girls, see what happened next.'. I think Gayatri-Hridaya revealed toYajnavalka which is a part of the Sandhya-vandana seems much more reliable than these Puranic tales. According to the report, a young woman named Sheetal from Surendranagar fell in love with a man of her father's age. The Quint's WebQoof team has debunked many such scripted videos which are being shared with misleading, and often communal claims. NEW DELHI: A marriage of a Hindu woman with a Muslim man is not a "regular or valid" but the child born out of such wedlock is legitimate, the Supreme Court on Tuesday held. Even Srimad Bhagavatam has same mood of condemnation. You will be very surprised to know that his daughter-in-law also did not refuse her father-in-law to marry her father-in-law. Many modern day translators misunderstood the DIVINE concept here. (September 2011). He requested the Ketaki flower to testify before Shiva that Brahma had reached the uppermost part of the lingam and had seen the end. WebIn fact, a man living in Bihar whose age is 65 years, got married to his own daughter-in-law who is 21 years old. Another video (archive here) on the channel, titled '60-year-old man marries his own daughter, everyone watch,' was also from the same venue. One should not choose (the bride) from the same gotra or born in the line of same sage. One who projected/injected this story is just the best ignorant. Mehaboob Masali took guardianship of Puja at the age of 7-years after her parents died. The ladies disagreed, Sarasvati, like the other type of learned ladies, Minerva, being something of a termagant; and Vishnu, finding that one wife was as much as even a god could manage, transferred Sarasvati to Brahma and Gang to Siva, and contented himself with Lakshmi alone. user9392 May 23, 2017 at 16:52 Even though "Saraswati Puran" may be untrue, but Devi Bhagwatam says Saraswati is Brahmas daughter. Mehaboob Masali took guardianship of Puja at the age of 7-years after her parents died. Whats even more galling is that his wife was the prime witness in the nikah of her daughter to her husband. And Devibhagavata, though has got some significance now, but not accepted by real scholars as penned by Sri Vyaasa. The man was identified as Dineshbhai from Botad district of Gujarat. Please read the full article with patience. This crime was attempted when in a fit of intoxication; hence Brahma pronounced a curse upon the gods who should hereafter drink spirits. Do you know about the Man of the Millennium? Play an active role in shaping our journalism by becoming a member. He is @LSSJBroly. We also found the same marriage certificate as seen in viral posts. That doesn't mean the person is your son/daughter. [9] Love marriages are sometimes seen as imposition of the younger generation's will over the older generation's wishes.[1][10]. The Vedas declared that Shiva was creator, preserver, destroyer. WebBrahma marriage holds the supreme position of the eight types of Hindu matrimony. WebBrahma marriage holds the supreme position of the eight types of Hindu matrimony. Seeing the milkmaid in the bride's bower, and the priests engaged in the performance of the sacred rites, incensed with anger, she thus cursed everyone, Sarasvati (Savitri) said, 'O Brahma! and in the womb of the well-performed (sacrifice). Shiva took the form of a gigantic linga (the phallic symbol of Shiva). [19], The Daivavivaha is a righteous form of marriage. The practice of polyandry has historically existed among the Nair community of Kerala, called Sambandam, though its practice is very rare in the modern period. Jahanara died unmarried during Aurangzeb's reign. We report news and issues that matter as well as give you the opportunity to take action. begat the sacred formulation, and they fashioned out (of it?) Whats even more galling is that his wife was the prime witness in the nikah of her daughter to her husband. Ever since the Vedic period, monogamy has been the dominant form of conjugal relationship and form of marriage in India. And foremost we even cannot call Saraswati as daughter of Brahma, she is Prakriti(matter) and Brahma is Purusha(anti-matter), both with opposite nature. What is the origin of Brahma's four heads? The Big Circle Line by Moscow Metro is here! She is eternal consort which manifested from half of his body via air. The king had also built a 'swimming pool' outside the palace. Another fact is that he(Brahma) and she(Saraswati) are not human with bones and flesh like us, so there is no incest. A video which shows some youth questioning a man who married two young girls who say that they were forced to marry him is being shared on social media as a real incident. This mention has a forerunner in Rig Veda. A priest accordingly went to call her; but she replied, I have not yet completed my dress, nor arranged several affairs. Though it has secondary meaning for human beings, it has primary meaning for Vishnu, Brahma, and Mahesh. You will be very surprised to know that his daughter-in-law also did not refuse her father-in-law to marry her father-in-law. The presiding deity is Hari himself. It suggests that the claim is not true. The man, guardian of the 18-year-old Hindu got her hitched with a boy of her religion and caste. Send us the details on WhatsApp at 9643651818, or e-mail it to us at webqoof@thequint.com and we'll fact-check it for you. According to reports, the complaint was filed by the couple on July 28 after father Islam drove his auto-rickshaw over them intending to kill the couple. Though Vishnu lost his wife, he should regain her. Scientifically speaking, there must have been incest at some point of time in human evolution. Ayub Khan is a gangster from Hyderabad who is serving a seven-year sentence in prison. The marriage took place in Tundla in Firozabad on December 11 and came to light when the local villagers identified the married couple as brother and sister. You agree to our use of cookies by continuing to use our site. While the newspaper clipping is about a 2017 incident in West Bengal's Jalpaiguri, the claim about Ayub Khan marrying his daughter is an old hoax. Jahanara died unmarried during Aurangzeb's reign. At length she sprang into the sky; and as Brahma was anxious to gaze after her there, a fifth head was immediately formed. Hence, Brahma is not worshipped in Hinduism in spite of being the Creator. Though Indra be bound, his son should release him. . Adoption by Hindu male A majority age Hindu male can adopt child wheater he is a bachelor, married, divorcee or widower but must be of sound mind. A video which shows some youth questioning a man who married two young girls who say that they were forced to marry him is being shared on social media as a real incident. Which Indian king had maximum wives? Subscribe To Our Daily Newsletter And Get News Delivered Straight To Your Inbox. rev2023.4.21.43403. daughter,--either the Sky or the Dawn 1. Whats even more galling is that his wife was the prime witness in the nikah of her daughter to her husband. there. He believes that through the use of digital media, one could engage the millennial's in rational conversations about pertinent social issues, provoking them to think and bring a behavioral change accordingly. According to media reports, Ayub Khan, also known as Ayub Pahelwan, is a wanted criminal and gangster from Hyderabad. Most of the people confuse it for Prakriti as Saraswati. Dowry, the practice of the brides family gifting property or money to her husband, is still prevalent despite the enactment of the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961. Lord Matsya, fish incarnation of Lord Vishnu, clarifies this in Matsya Purana. Rig veda V.79.8 states about Usha as daughter of heaven - duhitar diva. A Tamil Hindu couple during their wedding ceremony. AA Ali and Sakina with their daughter (right), who is pregnant with her father's child (TOI Photo) JALPAIGURI: A 36-year-old man married his teenage daughter and made her pregnant, justifying his perverse act by claiming he had divine sanction for his incestuous lust. user9392 May 23, 2017 at 16:52 Even though "Saraswati Puran" may be untrue, but Devi Bhagwatam says Saraswati is Brahmas daughter. It is a form of marriage where a bridegroom receives a maiden, after having given of his own free will as much wealth as he can afford, to the bride, and her kinsmen. [15] [16][17][18], The Brahmavivaha is a righteous form of marriage. And, Indra, since you bring that milkmaid to Brahma, you shall be bound in chains by your enemies and confined in a strange country; and your city and station shall be occupied by your enemies. Hindu literature does indicate that love marriages were recognised and accepted in ancient times, for example, the legend of Dushyanta and Shakuntala in the Mahabharata. thus (thinking) he united with her. Advance your career with IITK e-Masters Degree, 10 cops, 1 civilian killed in blast carried out by Maoists in Chhattisgarh's Dantewada, Why no FIR against Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh, Supreme Court asks Delhi police, Yogi Adityanath receives death threat, police register FIR, Kharge says PM like a 'poisonous snake', later defends remark; BJP demands apology, Parkash Singh Badal cremated in Punjab with full state honours, Why India's No. 17K views, 519 likes, 455 loves, 3.7K comments, 232 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from EWTN: Starting at 8 a.m. For example, you envision a person in your dream and suddenly you get to see that person. If you consider Saraswati to have appeared before the creation of the manas-putras of Brahma, then Saraswati had not been actually created from half of Brahma's body.Instead, in the beginning of time, Brahma had been instructed by Vishnu to create the world.However, Brahma did not know what to create as he lacked wisdom, knowledge and creativity.Hence, he prayed to Devi to show him the way.Devi thus manifested from the left half of Brahma's body as Saraswati, the Goddess of wisdom, knowledge and creativity.Gaining wisdom, knowledge and creativity from her, he realised that creating the universe was no easy feat annd thus created his manas-putras to help him.It was during that time that he started to lust Devi and Shiva came into the picture.Devi had also done such a miracle when Shiva had worshipped her.She had manifested from Shiva's left half as Sidhatri/Durga and Shiva became known as Ardhinaeshwara. how could the sons of Brahm marry in the same Manu asked, "O Omniscient lord, it is surprising to stare at the Beliefs that Saraswati is Brahma's daughter is mainly from temple lore.Hence, after avoiding Brahma, Saraswati became a consort of Vishnu (according to Vaishnavas), a daughter of Durga (according to Shaktas) or a follower of Ganesha (according to Shaivas). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. A Hindu father forcefully marries his two Hindu daughters. What was the compulsion of 65-year-old Roshan Lal of Samastipur district of Bihar to marry a 21-year-old girl. Please tell me the actual fact. When the father sprang on his own daughter, he, uniting (with her), poured down his semen upon the earth. How did King Kakudmireach Brahma Loka with his daughter Revathi? Therefore one day when Siva was wandering about with Parvati and came to see Brahma, Brahma's four heads praised Siva but the fifth made an evil sound. In modern times, this is classified as a form of date rape, and is a crime in most countries. On hearing this, Savitri was incensed, and thus addressed them: 'Since you now forsake me, O Lakshmi! In this case, his first marriage has not been annulled by law and the first wife and their children are lawful heirs. Hasten then to seek the refuge of my feet, and I will protect you! ' If the astrological chart of the two individuals (male and female) achieve the required threshold in points, then further talks are considered for a prospective marriage. Scanning through her social media accounts, we also found several videos where she mentions her supposed relationships with public figures. divine souls like Satarp and others could be known to the divine [45] This is accepted as a complete, valid marriage in all states of India, and needs no registration with the exception of Goa, that is governed by a single code called Goa civil code, where the registration of marriage is made compulsory as it is accepted as the only proof of marriage. What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? Originally intended only for the Brahmins, a Brahma marriage is where a boy is able to get married once he has completed his education in the first stage of life, the Brahmacharya. resorted to by Nrada and others. Until the passage of the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, every Hindu in India was theoretically allowed to have multiple wives. the Lord ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Hinduism&oldid=1151555984, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 April 2023, at 19:47. A journalist at heart loves the in-depth work of reporting, writing, editing, research, and data analysis. Srimad Bhagwad-Gita says the final verses! I have three answers to your question.The first two is no but the last one is yes. Lord Brahma was not a Human with some craving phallus, like what brainless Wendy Doniger would say. According to legends, once Brahma and Vishnu were overcome with the sense of self-importance. Hence, the viral claim is false. Sheetal's parents are worried as their daughter's husband is the same age as her father. At the present time Brahma is not largely worshipped by the Hindus. What does 'They're at four. Brahma's lust signifies the fall of humanity. The man, guardian of the 18-year-old Hindu got her hitched with a boy of her religion and caste. The Vaishnavas of Bengal have a popular legend that she was the wife of Vishnu, as were also Lakshmi and Gang. [35] The Apastamba Dharmasutra allows a man to take a new wife after ten years if his present wife was judged to be barren, and could marry after thirteen or fourteen years if his wife only produced daughters, and he desired a son. As per another legend, Brahmas head was still intact when he said to Sarasvati, 'Let us produce all kinds of animated beings, men, suras (gods), and asuras (demons). Lord Matsya said, "The rajoguna creation emerging in the form of Satarp A Facebook user shared this image and wrote a caption in Hindi which reads, " | , 4 , . Hence there is no question of incest at all. But his Facebook profile was later deleted. Jahanara died unmarried during Aurangzeb's reign. According to the report, a young woman named Sheetal from Surendranagar fell in love with a man of her father's age. Again he tears out The marriage took place in Tundla in Firozabad on December 11 and came to light when the local villagers identified the married couple as brother and sister. Why typically people don't use biases in attention mechanism? Adoption by Hindu male A majority age Hindu male can adopt child wheater he is a bachelor, married, divorcee or widower but must be of sound mind. Because the truth is worth it.). Hindu literature does not sanction marriage between members of the same sex. In relation to incest, I already explained that Brahma is a Purusha part of Param Brahma, and Saraswati is a Prakriti part of Param Brahma, therefore they will naturally attract as two opposite type of energies. This issue is to be understood esoterically. As a form of marriage performed by paying a bride price, it is generally stated to be forbidden, though it is sometimes cited to be allowed for members of the Vaishya and Shudra varnas. The claim states that the a Hindu man forcefully married his two daughters, aged 19 and 20 years. How did Saraswati end up as "wife" of Brahma? In India, when a Hindu and a non-Hindu marry under the Hindu Marriage Act and for the Hindu marriage to be valid, both partners must be Hindu amongst other conditions that also need to be fulfilled, and the non-Hindu partner must convert to Hinduism. Later, Jahanara reconciled with Aurangzeb who gave her the title 'Empress of Princesses' and replaced her younger sister, Princess Roshanara Begum, as the First Lady. Why did US v. Assange skip the court of appeal? He hit their bike and The following legend occurs, with some variations, in several Puranas, showing why Brahma was deprived of his fifth head - "Once when they were assembled on the top of Meru, the holy sages, having saluted Brahma, requested him to declare the true nature of the godhead; but the Creator, influenced by the delusion of Mahesha (a demon), and his mind obscured by spiritual darkness, asserted his own pre-eminence. However, in August 2018, a local court in Hyderabad sentenced the gangster along with his wife to seven years in prison in a fake passport case. 1:7:4:33. Here, one can clearly see that the name of the girl's father and her husband is different. ", The video (archive here) was posted on 26 June and had over eight lakh views at the time of writing this article. 15 facts that prove Mahabharata happened for real! (One may choose) from (descendants of) more than seven (generations) on the paternal side and more than five (generations) on the maternal side. According to reports, the complaint was filed by the couple on July 28 after father Islam drove his auto-rickshaw over them intending to kill the couple. If Brahma were Not guilty of possessing incestuous desire in the eyes of Lord Shiva, the latter would Not cut off his fifth head and ban the worship of Brahma on the earth. Brahma created Prakriti, out of his thoughts and I've no answer if you ask me how. It is a form of marriage where a man gifts his daughter as a bride, after receiving one pair of cattle, a cow and a bull, or two pairs from a groom, the exchange being perceived as a matter of the law, rather than the sale of the former's daughter. When such a maiden is abducted, she is described to weep as her relatives are assaulted and slain, and their house is wrecked. According to reports, the complaint was filed by the couple on July 28 after father Islam drove his auto-rickshaw over them intending to kill the couple. The newspaper report shared in the viral post was about a Muslim man called Afazuddin, who married his daughter. [6] Girls are usually considered to have achieved puberty when they are 12 years old, and are allowed to choose their own husbands if a suitable groom is not procured for them. the birds are known to the birds alone, similarly the ways of the It is evident that for centuries the worship of Brahma has not been common, for in the "Skanda Purana is an indelicate legend, in which the charge of falsehood is proved against him, and this fact is given to account for the fact that his worship had ceased. [9] The maximum points for any match can be 36, and the minimum points for matching is 18. It possesses the divine lustre besides the is there such a thing as "right to be heard"? So do not say-Muslim and Christians are using Saraswati puran. When brought before Shiva, the flower falsely testified that Brahma had seen the end. The couple in the viral image is not father and daughter. The man was identified as Dineshbhai from Botad district of Gujarat. Thus Yama became "Dharma Raja" or the king of justice as per a folklore. The man, guardian of the 18-year-old Hindu got her hitched with a boy of her religion and caste. The marriage took place in Tundla in Firozabad on December 11 and came to light when the local villagers identified the married couple as brother and sister. If the two are divorced, the first wife cannot stake any claim in the property and all her belongings are solely hers. The name itself speaks a lot about it as imitation. Has depleted uranium been considered for radiation shielding in crewed spacecraft beyond LEO? According to the report, a young woman named Sheetal from Surendranagar fell in love with a man of her father's age. Browse other questions tagged, Like any library, Hinduism Stack Exchange shares great information, but, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. You kindly remove my doubt in this connection". Can you still use Commanders Strike if the only attack available to forego is an attack against an ally? ', "On hearing these words, Savitri exclaimed, 'By the powers which I have obtained by the performance of tapas, may Brahma never be worshipped in temple or sacred place, except one day in each year. People on social media claimed that a father fell in love with his own real daughter and married her. cursed the god of love his own son. They do not even have existence or inexistence. Sarasvati, by the standard mythological authorities, is the wife of Brahma. And I have answered in detail. Somewhere in the course of time, arranged marriages became predominant, and love marriages became unacceptable or at least frowned upon; some historians believe that it happened in the Islamic invasion period. He said, "Since you have badly How surpassingly lovely she is!' On her Facebook account, she shared photos of herself in a bridal costume. However, what makes this image different from other weddings is the difference in their age. You will be very surprised to know that his daughter-in-law also did not refuse her father-in-law to marry her father-in-law. Half of his seed fell to the ground. divine knowledge, therefore, the humans having the bodies of flesh Web@HaripriyaDas Devi Bhagwatam has condemned Brahma's lust for His own daughter Saraswati at many places. - Should marriages be registered? The Prakriti is the universe, everything as the part of universe i.e. [3], The ideal conception of marriage that was laid down by the ancient Indians is one in which it is a ceremonial gift of a bride (Vadh) by her father, or another appropriate family member, to a bride-groom (Vara), so that they may fulfil the purposes of human existence together. yield good or bad fruits, therefore it would not be proper for the She was created by Bramha just the way he created everything else. cannot be described with their mortal eyes. Also, you say it's not incest, but in the Shatapatha Brahmana of the Yajur Veda the gods condemn Brahma's actions as sinful; see my answer here: My sources are Wikipedia and Devdutt Pattanaik's 7 secrets of Devi. They are inconceivable. Parents also take advice from Brahmin astrologers called 'Jothidar' in Tamil, 'Panthulu or Siddanthi' in Telugu, and Kundali Milan in Hindi, who holds astrological data of those individuals looking to get married. It is not approved because no consultation of one's family members or the performance of ritual ceremonies take place. To know more, see our, Does This Video Show RSS Goons Assaulting Woman Because She Sold Meat? Alas wherever there is Brahm, Sarasvati And moreover, it is not incest. How is it done? herhe the unassailable. It's not them. The video is being shared along with the claim in Hindi that reads, " 20 19 . Rudra, taking aim, pierced him. (Photo: India Today/Dheeshma Puzhakkal). Monogamy is counselled to men by Vatsyayana, a philosopher and an authority of the Kama Sutra, with the belief that a man is only capable of physically, psychologically, and spiritually pleasing one woman at a time. Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? The swamis expressed a range of opinions, positive and negative. Yes. The man was identified as Dineshbhai from Botad district of Gujarat. - If a Hindu wishes to marry a person who is not a Hindu, under what law can they do so? Did lord Brahma commit incest with his daughter? It is a reprehensible form of a marriage that is condemned by the Manusmriti, and is punished by law in society in the present-day. Marriage is regarded to be a sacrament by Hindus, rather than a form of social contract, since they believe that all men and women are created to be parents, and practise dharma together, as ordained by the Vedas. According to another legend, when lord Brahma became overpowered by the ethereal beauty of Saraswati, she changed her forms to escape from Brahma's sexual overtures. On hearing this, Kratu, a form of Narayana (Vishnu), smiled and said: ' You should not be misled by ignorance; for I am the framer of the universe, the source of life, the unborn, eternal and supreme Narayana; and, had I not willed it, creation would not have taken place. As the paths of the serpents are known to the serpents and those of The gods then said to this god who rules over the beasts (Rudra) 2, 'This one, surely, commits a sin who acts thus towards his own daughter, our sister. Independent fact-checkers in 2020 called out a social media influencer, Tharnum Khan, for circulating the hoax. The Hindu marriage (Sanskrit: , romanized:Vivha, lit. Mehaboob Masali took guardianship of Puja at the age of 7-years after her parents died. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Speaking to The Logical Indian in November 2020, Khans son said that his father had five sons and no daughters. Upon this Vishnu and Brahma praised Shiva. . Hinduism Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for followers of the Hindu religion and those interested in learning more about Hinduism. A video which shows some youth questioning a man who married two young girls who say that they were forced to marry him is being shared on social media as a real incident. [1], Variously defined, it is generally described to be a social institution for the establishment and regulation of a proper relationship between the sexes, as stated by Manu. Brahma marriage holds the supreme position of the eight types of Hindu matrimony. She is also known as the goddess of music and education because she is a teacher. So, we can conclude that there is no HEAVENLY INCEST as thought of modern translators, but it is only DIVINE knowledge ONE gets (child - kumara) through SELF REALISATION (Ushas - dawn) with the help of the God (prajapati). However, we found that the claim is false. Saraswati, according to mythology, is regarded as the embodiment of his power, the instrument of creation, and the energy that propels his actions. We found that the claim Ayub Khan married his daughter has been on the internet for at least two years now. [39] It is exemplified in Hindu texts such as Ramayana, where Rama is believed to have taken the ekapatnivrata, literally meaning the, 'vow of one wife', the act of fidelity to one wife, Sita, and forbidding himself from engaging in sexual relations with other women. A legend in the "Matsya Purana" gives the following account of the formation of Brahmas numerous heads - "Brahma formed from his own immaculate substance a female who is celebrated under the names of Satarupa, Savitri, Sarasvati, Gayatri, and Brahmani. So do not say-Muslim and Christians are using Saraswati puran. gotra? The Mahabharata says that Siva did not actually cut off Brahma's head on this occasion, but was only prevented from doing so through the intercession of the gods.
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