A neighbour and family friend, Thomas Ewing, brought up Sherman. Sherman and Ellen had eight children, including three sons in addition to Willie, but none came close to replacing him in their father's affections. [182], Four days later, Sherman issued his Special Field Orders, No. "[71] In May, however, he offered himself for service in the regular Army. You mistake, too, the people of the North. [175], Tens of thousands of escaped slaves nonetheless joined Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas as refugees. Born on february 08 43. The Sherman's were well educated and highly cultured by Lancaster standards at this time. His son, Thomas Ewing Sherman, who was a Jesuit priest, presided over his father's funeral masses in New York City and in St. [278] Thomas's decision to abandon his career as a lawyer in 1878 to join the Jesuits and prepare for the Catholic priesthood caused Sherman profound distress, and he referred to it as a "great calamity". Senator John Sherman (his younger brother and a political ally of President Lincoln) and other connections in Washington helped him to obtain a commission. This appears to have been a consequence of the animosity felt by Union soldiers and officers for the state that they regarded as the "cockpit of secession". [127] In July, the cautious Johnston was replaced by the more aggressive John Bell Hood, who played to Sherman's strength by challenging him to direct battles on open ground. [281] Except during the personal crisis triggered by his son Thomas's decision to become a priest, Sherman's personal attitude towards the Catholic Church was tolerant and even friendly at a time when anti-Catholic prejudice was common in the United States. It also dealt a major blow to the popularity of the Democratic presidential candidate, George B. McClellan, whose victory in the election had until then appeared likely to many, including Lincoln himself. [132] The capture of Atlanta made Sherman a household name and was decisive in ensuring Lincoln's re-election in November. Boyd later recalled witnessing that, when news of South Carolina's secession from the United States reached them at the Seminary, "Sherman burst out crying, and began, in his nervous way, pacing the floor and deprecating the step which he feared might bring destruction on the whole country. Try refreshing the page. [98] Grant made Sherman a corps commander and put him in charge of half of his forces. [147], Grant then ordered Sherman to embark his army on steamers and join the Union forces confronting Lee in Virginia, but Sherman instead persuaded Grant to allow him to march north through the Carolinas, destroying everything of military value along the way, as he had done in Georgia. [226] Tasked with guarding a vast territory with limited forces, Sherman grew weary of the multitude of requests for military protection addressed to him. 1869-1934) Susan Denman Sherman (b. Oct. 10, 1825-Jan. 10, 1876) Married: second wife of Thomas Wells Bartley, Nov. 7, 1848 Grant may have had to intervene to save Sherman from dismissal for having overstepped his authority. When Sherman was nine years old his father, a successful lawyer on the Ohio Supreme court, unexpectedly died in 1829. In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. [c] He became exceedingly pessimistic about the outlook for his command and he complained frequently to Washington about shortages, while providing exaggerated estimates of the strength of the rebel forces and requesting inordinate numbers of reinforcements. Sherman commanded the division on the extreme right of the Union's right wing (under George Henry Thomas). Still, if he muffed his Vicksburg assignment, which had begun unfavorably, he would rise no higher. When comparing Sherman's scorched-earth campaigns to the actions of the British Army during the Second Boer War (18991902) another war in which civilians were targeted because of their central role in sustaining a belligerent power South African historian Hermann Giliomee claims that it "looks as if Sherman struck a better balance than the British commanders between severity and restraint in taking actions proportional to legitimate needs". [54][b] Later in 1858, he moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he worked as the office manager of the law firm established by his brothers-in-law Hugh Ewing and Thomas Ewing Jr. Sherman obtained a license to practice law, despite not having studied for the bar, but he met with little success as a lawyer. [242], Sherman's early tenure as Commanding General was marred by political difficulties, many of which stemmed from disagreements with Secretary of War Rawlins and his successor, William W. Belknap, both of whom Sherman felt had assumed too much power over the army and reduced the position of Commanding General to a sinecure. As Sherman himself once noted, his unusual middle name came from his father's "fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, Tecumseh," who headed a confederacy of Native American tribes in Ohio. For more detailed discussion of this overall period, see Marszalek. Sherman later married his foster sister, Ellen Ewing, and the couple had eight children. William Tecumseh Sherman Biss married Amelia Rose Slavick and had 4 children. Although Sherman was technically the senior officer, he wrote to Grant, "I feel anxious about you as I know the great facilities [the Confederates] have of concentration by means of the River and R[ail] Road, but [I] have faith in youCommand me in any way. He lived in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, United States in 1860. . [35][36] Sherman unwittingly helped to launch the California Gold Rush by drafting the official documents in which Governor Mason confirmed that gold had been discovered in the region. [188][189][190] In that essay, Sherman called upon the South to "let the negro vote, and count his vote honestly", adding that "otherwise, so sure as there is a God in Heaven, you will have another war, more cruel than the last, when the torch and dagger will take the place of the muskets of well-ordered battalions". He was one of eleven children born to Charles and Mary Sherman but was raised in the family of influential politician Thomas Ewing following the death of his father. [226] To escape from these difficulties, Sherman moved his headquarters to St. Louis in 1874. On April 9, Sherman relayed to his troops the news that Lee had surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House and that the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia had ceased to exist. Brother of Charles Taylor Sherman, Mary Elizabeth (Sherman) Reese, James Sherman, Amelia (Sherman) McComb, Julia Ann (Sherman) Willock, Lampson Parker Sherman, John H. Sherman, Susan Denman (Sherman) Bartley, Hoyt Sherman and Frances Beecher (Sherman) Moulton Sherman conducted the ensuing Jackson Expedition, which concluded successfully on July 25 with the re-capture of the city of Jackson. One 19th-century source, for example, states that "General Sherman, we believe, is the only eminent American named from an Indian chief". [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. He was the son of lawyer Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt both originally of Norwalk, CT. His grandfather, Honorable Taylor Sherman, was a well respected attorney and judge in Norwalk, CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. [130][d], Sherman's Atlanta campaign concluded successfully on September 2, 1864, with the capture of the city, which Hood had been forced to abandon. When he attempted to attack the main spine at Tunnel Hill, his troops were repeatedly repelled by Patrick Cleburne's heavy division, the best unit in Bragg's army. : Dear Tommy", "General William Tecumseh Sherman 1888, cast 1910", "The sculpture "Victory" fully restored, on display at the Memorial Amphitheater", "General William Tecumseh Sherman Statue", "Firefighters are girding Earth's biggest tree. [69][70], After the April 1213 bombardment of Fort Sumter and its subsequent capture by the Confederacy, Sherman hesitated about committing to military service. William Tecumseh Sherman, was born February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. Senator John Sherman and home of the remarkable Sherman family. [77] Holden-Reid also concluded that Sherman "might have been as unseasoned as the men he commanded, but he had not fallen prey to the nave illusions nursed by so many on the field of First Bull Run. Sherman had, up to that point, achieved mixed success as a general, and controversy attached especially to his performance at Chattanooga. [63], In January 1861, as more Southern states seceded from the Union, Sherman was required to take receipt of arms surrendered to the Louisiana State Militia by the U.S. arsenal at Baton Rouge. Add a caption. I did not want them to cast in our teeth what General Hood had once done at Atlanta, that we had to call on their slaves to help us to subdue them. Born in Ohio into a politically prominent family, Sherman graduated in 1840 from the United States Military Academy at West Point. [25] About his time at West Point, Sherman says only the following in his Memoirs: At the Academy I was not considered a good soldier, for at no time was I selected for any office, but remained a private throughout the whole four years. Since that time he has not been a communicant of any church. [169][170][171] Throughout the Civil War, Sherman declined to employ black troops in his armies.[172][173]. [279], Some modern historians have characterized Sherman as a deist in the manner of Thomas Jefferson,[280] while others identify him as an agnostic who accepted many Christian values but lacked faith. [74] It was one of the four brigades in the division commanded by General Daniel Tyler, which was in turn one of the five divisions in the Army of Northeastern Virginia under General Irvin McDowell (see First Bull Run Union order of battle). Linked pages will continue with descendants of each main line, in a growing database of Sherman lines, both of English and other roots. Wrong username or password. W. T. Sherman (1887)[286], In the years immediately after the war, Sherman was popular in the North and well regarded by his own soldiers. Person. This letter was to James E. Yeatman, May 21, 1865, and is excerpted more extensively (and with slight variations) in Bowman and Irwin. I couldn't find out much about her other than the fact that she never married, and died in Massachussetts in 1925. With his red hair, piercing eyes, and fidgety manner, William Tecumseh Sherman has been [] Sherman offered Grant an example from his own life: "Before the battle of Shiloh, I was cast down by a mere newspaper assertion of 'crazy', but that single battle gave me new life, and I'm now in high feather." [85] His problems were compounded when the Cincinnati Commercial described him as "insane". Thus, he was living in the border state of Missouri as the secession crisis reached its climax. Charles Robert Sherman, was 31 and his mother, Mary Elizabeth Hoyt, was 32. [289] In this new discourse, Sherman's devastation of railroads and plantations mattered less than his perceived insults to southern dignity and especially to its unprotected white womanhood. Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States. They had eight children: Maria Ewing Sherman Fitch, Mary Elizabeth Sherman, William Tecumseh Sherman, Jr., Thomas Ewing Sherman, Eleanor Mary Sherman Thackara, Rachel Ewing Sherman Thorndike, Charles Celestine. [269][270], Sherman's body was then transported to St. Louis, where another service was conducted at a local Catholic church on February 21, 1891. [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. He was particularly interested in targeting South Carolina, the first state to secede from the Union, because of the effect that it would have on Southern morale. In October, Sherman succeeded Anderson in command of that department. Some of us called upon him immediately upon his arrival, and it is probable he would not meet the Secretary [Stanton] with more courtesy than he met us. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Alice French (aka Octave Thanet) Novelist and Short Story Writer 6th cousin 1 time removed via Rev. [19][20] As an adult, Sherman signed all his correspondence including to his wife "W. T. Early life and career Sherman served in that capacity from 1869 until 1883 and was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars. HE MARRIED HIS FOSTER SISTER. [146], While in Savannah, Sherman learned from a newspaper that his infant son Charles Celestine had died during the Savannah campaign; the general had never seen the child. For the most part, Sherman refused to revise his original text on the ground that "I disclaim the character of historian, but assume to be a witness on the stand before the great tribunal of history" and "any witness who may disagree with me should publish his own version of [the] facts in the truthful narration of which he is interested". In maneuver warfare, a commander seeks to defeat the enemy on the battleground through shock, disruption, and surprise, while minimizing frontal attacks on well-defended positions. After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing, a prominent member of the Whig Party who served as senator from Ohio and as the first Secretary of the Interior. [236] In 1873, Sherman wrote in a private letter that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. [262], In 1886, after the publication of Grant's memoirs, Sherman produced a "second edition, revised and corrected" of his own memoirs. Critical press reports about Sherman began to appear after the U.S. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, visited Louisville in October 1861. [274] He later married his foster sister Ellen, who was also a devout Catholic. This was a new regiment yet to be raised. Like Grant, he graduated from the military academy at West Point. The Confederate victory at Kennesaw Mountain did little to halt Sherman's advance towards Atlanta. Elizabeth St. John , John Raymond, Isabeau de DAMPIERRE , John de FIENNES, Pernelle De Grandmesnil , Robert De Beaumont le Roger, Mary Katherine ELITHORPE , Richard MILES. One of 11 children, Sherman was born to a prominent family in Lancaster . National Archives. In 1829, when Sherman was 9, his father died unexpectedly. My average demerits, per annum, were about one hundred and fifty, which reduced my final class standing from number four to six. Sherman was a family man and had several children. Grant, the previous commander of the District of Cairo, had just won a major victory at Fort Henry and been given command of the ill-defined District of West Tennessee. [95][96] In July, Grant's situation improved when Halleck left for the East to become general-in-chief. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 21 August 1874, in St Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, his father, Daniel M Sherman, was 55 and his mother, Mary Ann Post, was 24. [150], Sherman captured Columbia, the state capital, on February 17, 1865. After the fall of Atlanta in 1864, Sherman ordered the city's immediate evacuation. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. Grave. He was devoted to the theater and to amateur painting and was in demand as a colorful speaker at dinners and banquets, in which he indulged a fondness for quoting Shakespeare. "[283] Upon Sherman's death, his son Thomas publicly declared: "My father was baptized in the Catholic Church, married in the Catholic Church, and attended the Catholic Church until the outbreak of the civil war. According to Liddell Hart, this strategy was most clearly illustrated by Sherman's series of turning movements against Johnston during the Atlanta campaign. [101] Sherman's operations were supposed to be coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction. [231] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. Louis. Lampson Parker Sherman . This helped ensure that the Mississippi River would remain in Union hands for the remainder of the war. Sherman had dismissed the intelligence reports from militia officers, refusing to believe that Confederate general Albert Sidney Johnston would leave his base at Corinth. American soldier, businessman, educator and author. [111], During the siege of Vicksburg, Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston had gathered a force of 30,000 men in Jackson, Mississippi, with the intention of relieving the garrison under the command of John C. Pemberton that was trapped inside Vicksburg. Along with fellow Lieutenants Henry Halleck and Edward Ord, Sherman embarked from New York City on the 198-day journey around Cape Horn, aboard the converted sloop USS Lexington. [113] His family traveled from Ohio to visit him at the camp near Vicksburg. Username and password are case sensitive. Death: January 09, 1862 (45) Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio, United States. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. A bill was introduced in Congress to promote Sherman to Grant's rank of lieutenant general, probably with a view towards having him replace Grant as commander of the Union Army. When Sherman's train passed Collierville it came under attack by 3,000 Confederate cavalry and eight guns under James Ronald Chalmers. Sherman observed but did not join in the religious ceremonies of the Ewing household. Looting was officially forbidden, but historians disagree on how rigorously this regulation was enforced. [173] Sherman's views on race evolved significantly over time. Liddell Hart. [76] During the fighting, Sherman was grazed by bullets in the knee and shoulder. Other. Charles Taylor Sherman, Judge 1811-1879 Married 2 February 1841, Mansfield, Richland Co., OH, toEliza Jane Williams 1822-1888; Mary Elizabeth Sherman 1812-1900 Married 19 October 1829, Lancaster, Fairfield Co., OH, toWilliam James Reese 1804-1883; John Sherman, Sen. 1823-1900 Click on the names below to see their relationship charts. Sherman was regarded as one of the most competent and effective military leaders of the Union army during the Civil War. The couple later had eight children, two of whom died from sickness while Sherman was serving in the Civil War. [292] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[293] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. Here, buffalo skulls are piled up at a glueworks . [192] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[193] Victor Davis Hanson,[194] and Brian Holden-Reid. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. Sherman commanded a brigade of volunteers at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861 before being transferred to the Western Theater. [238][239] Sherman encouraged bison hunting by private citizens and, when Congress passed a law in 1874 to protect the bison from over-hunting, Sherman helped convince President Grant to use a pocket veto to prevent it from coming into force. [99] According to historian John D. Winters's The Civil War in Louisiana (1963), at this stage Sherman, had yet to display any marked talents for leadership. William Tecumseh Sherman, c. 1860-65. [21] His friends and family called him "Cump".[22]. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tecumseh_Sherman&oldid=1152383236, American military personnel of the Indian Wars, Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees, Commanding Generals of the United States Army, Testifying witnesses of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles prone to spam from December 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, William Tecumseh Jr. ("Willie") (18541863), Jenkins (19961999) (interim, 2004) (acting, 2008 and 2012), This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 22:39. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. He privately ridiculed Lincoln's call for 75,000 three-month volunteers to quell secession, reportedly saying: "Why, you might as well attempt to put out the flames of a burning house with a squirt-gun. Sherman House Museum in Lancaster, Ohio, is the birthplace of General William Tecumseh Sherman, his younger brother U.S. [257] Sherman stepped down as commanding general on November 1, 1883,[258] and retired from the army on February 8, 1884. Sherman was fond of the Ewings' eldest daughter, Ellen, and frequently corresponded with her while at West Point. [12] He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance.
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