Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Greg's account contains. intermediated. << The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate thata. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? The argument is strong because the premise includes nothing new. b. performance is better for the abstract task. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. Seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. /BaseFont /Helvetica-BoldOblique b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem for aliens. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involvesa. restructuring initial states.b. Quiz 12 Flashcards - Cram.com The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. a. ignore the falsification principle. exemplard. How to Detect Insight Moments in Problem Solving Experiments knottedd. << Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time.a. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a: Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Curious is studying the effect of ________ on problem solving. Amber takes the street to the north during that time. has no correct answer.d. /Type /Font Sanfey and coworkers' "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make the________ decision of, a. irrational; accepting any offer, b. irrational; accepting only higher offers, c. rational; accepting any offer, d. rational; accepting only high offers, In an experiment that combined both physiological and behavioral approaches to the study of decision making, PFC activity was recorded while participants accepted or rejected proposals to split a sum of money ($10). Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. fewer tacks are provided.b. endobj how similar the objects in the problem are.b. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. This is an example of the bias. The purpose of the experiment was to; Answer show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. >> Classify the triangle as acute, right, or obtuse. initial, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us froma. 1 0 obj By doing this, Dr. 4B Chapter 12 Flashcards | Chegg.com /Subtype /Type1 /BaseFont /Courier-Oblique the purpose of the exp. endobj Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. /Name /F4 event-specific knowledge. flexibilityd. d. subjective utility values following a decision. candle can be cut in half.d. functional fixednessb. /ExtGState << /GS1 17 0 R >> analogical encoding.b. << /Type /Font Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.a. /Type /Font endobj a. match box can be used as a container for tacks. 13 0 obj schemas. take a more effective approach to a problem, Take a more effective approach to a problem, In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. The "creative cognition" approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects, is an example of, PFC-damaged patients have trouble with reading comprehension tasks. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, this represents, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify clear ________ for the problems. c. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. /.notdef/.notdef/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? 17. a preconceived notion about how to do something, This problem involves the use of equations and, starting at problem 8, doesn't require the typical equation. was to: demonstrate a diff. The sudden realization of a problem's solution. 10 0 obj /Type /Encoding what are some questions for lincolns plan? source story. In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. <> >> Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. /Pages 2 0 R psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem bc: ill-defined problems are so named bc it is difficult to specify ______ for the problems. << b. had received training in creative thinking. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. representation and restructuring.d. creating subgoals, In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checker-board problem. b. The purpose of this experiment was to: Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? a. representation and restructuring. /Name /F8 The medium acrobat is on the left of the large a. metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve The purpose of this experiment was to : . /Name /F6 well-defining, insighting, and m. People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus ona. insight.b. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _______prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. /.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section structural features.d. Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem. b. gradually rise; rise suddenly just, c. rise suddenly just; gradually rise, d. vary unpredictably; vary unpredictably, 6. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. The purpose of this experiment was to a) Show that some problems are easier to solve than others. experts and novices.b. b. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. endobj a. descriptive information that is inconsistent with base rate information. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. 31. representation and restructuring.b. surface features.b. 8 0 obj gradually rise; gradually riseb. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? << Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. If you are given the information that in order to vote in a presidential election, you must be at least 18 years of age, and that Will voted in the last presidential election, you can logically conclude that Will is at least 18 years old. experimental groups and control groups.d. Gestalt psychologist consider problem solving as a process involving: the circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle was proposed to illustrate: the sudden realization of a problem's solution. She notices that she feels more positive about her home when she drives home by the abandoned shacks, but she hates her home when driving past the fancy mansions with their large lawns. 12 0 obj The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. (Answered) Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and . /BaseFont /Helvetica Cognitive Psych Ch. 12 (Problem Solving) Book Questions - Quizlet Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time. It has a large number of potential solutions. Divergent thinking is defined as an idea generating process wherein an i Divergent thinking, exploring many solutions in a creative way, was used in the classroom. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem ifa. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. mental set, When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?a. Ali's use of the cartons represents Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses parade every New Year's Day. In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the _____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Will the remaining students be able to shoe-up with the remaining shoes without getting a foot-ache? She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly. The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of the, Mia has lived in New York City all her life. analogical transfer.c. Bonnie is using. 26. If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using. b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. How will Janet retrieve the book? endobj /Type /Page Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? How can knowledge of human relations help in the work place. With the cartons, Ali made several bird feeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. He now refers to the jacket as his lucky jacket and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune. This is an example of. You might point out that a major problem with his "George Burns" argument involves, Of the following real-world phenomena, the confirmation bias best explains the observation that people. << Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. Developing schemas for each individual problem, c. Connecting the fortress with the tumor, d. Generalizing from groups of soldiers to aliens arriving to help fight. a. what information a person is attending to while solving a problem. She takes the street to the north. /F11 13 0 R subgoals.c. After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. Amber take. d. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. was to: demonstrate a diff. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. black and pinkd. b. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are given. Chapter 12 Flashcards | Quizlet Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. endobj What is the term for a group who share a common language, culture, or history? tan\tantan(-u) = _____. what information a person is attending to while solving a problem.b. Arrange acrobats in order of ascending size from left to rightb. The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's. /F10 12 0 R low-pressureb. The purpose of this experiment was to ( Multiple Choice) Question 19 Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her, Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?a. d. It has a single correct answer. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. blankb. Cassandra has five chapters to red for her upcoming midterm, and she finds the thought of sitting down and reading hundreds of pages at once overwhelming. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. does have a clear identifiable solution. She decides to use the breaks in between her classes to read and take notes from 15 pages at a time to make the task seem more manageable. initial state.d. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection.v. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. /F3 5 0 R Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. The purpose of this experiment was toa. /Encoding 16 0 R The purpose of this experiment was to, Ann takes the street to the south when heading southbound to work, but that street is closed for repairs. rise suddenly just; gradually r. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)a. novel object.b. how to d. What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. /Name /F9 Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.a. endobj May 2013. a problem space to nd a solution (Ericsson & Simon, 1993 . /Encoding 16 0 R /Subtype /Type1 structural features.c. sensory operators.d. Chapter 12 Questions | Means End Analysis | AssignGuru 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health, and you raise that concern to him. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make " warmth " judgments ever 15 seconds to indicate how close the felt they were to a solution . In analogical problem solving, the_____ problem is the problem that an individual is trying to solve, and the ________ problem, which has been solved in the past, is used as a guide for reaching that solution. /Encoding 16 0 R a. performance is better for the concrete task. a single correct answer. The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects is an example of: In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. c. people often have to backtrack within the problem space to arrive at an answer to a problem. c. the same for accepted and rejected offers. /Name /F7 The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem can be solved using. Cecile's emotions are influenced by. prior learning hindering problem solving.c. /Name /F1 [Solved] Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. /Name /F10 When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold /Encoding 16 0 R search. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. how analogies can be used to solve problems.b. analogiesb. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? /Subtype /Type1 the box is empty.d. a. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, The Three Types Of Creativity And Artificial Intelligence, Guilford's Model Of Creativity Research Essay, Obstacles That Get In The Way Of Problem-Solving And Decision-Making. A syllogism is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the two premises. The tuna swam away across the pond." /egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis match box can be used as a shelf.c. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. 40. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Chapter 12 Problem Solving and Reasoning Flashcards | Quizlet well- and ill-defined problems. Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. 368 Tst 03 Flashcards | Chegg.com Experts often group problems differently than. Problem solving - University of Sargodha Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up w/ creative uses for pre-inventive objects is they: How do cognitive psychologists approach researching the way people solve problems? c. Experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices. You have created 2 folders. goal state.d. Describe some strategies that help you solve problems and make decisions based on your reading assignment. Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? Goal is to tie two strings together which are too far apart to be reached. Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using, Jonas bought a new leather jacket after saving for many months for the luxury purchase. warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the problem. /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F12 a. intermediate states.b. However, a limitation of this and other classical paradigms for studying insightful and non-insightful problem solving is related to the fact that they use two different His task sets. The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /Parent 2 0 R 11 0 obj << Newell & Simon, early computer program designers for problem solving. insight is when a problem cannot be solved using conventional methods (Metcalfe & Wiebe, 1987) and the problem solver realizes . /F2 4 0 R /BaseFont /Times-Italic in vivo problem solving. spend less time analyzing problemsb. the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.d. experience and sometimes do not. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution prior to - Course Hero >> The sudden realization of a problem's solution. They are unable to. In analogical problem solving, the ________ problem has higher difficulty than the ________ problem. When a tsunami happens, and an oceanic and continental plate collide, which plate is pushed underneath? /BaseFont /Courier-BoldOblique 38. The purpose of this experiment was to, The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. 15 0 obj The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPTa. b. laboratory and real-world settings. Metcalfe and Wiebe had been pre-selected as "creative" indi, In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ______ condition.a. Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a free-way. radiationd. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. The application of a(n)______ makes it easier to solve the "drinking beer" version of the Wason problem. - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they are to the solution. /F9 11 0 R Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle, was proposed to illustratea. a. 8. /Type /Catalog 2. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Test 4B Flashcards | Chegg.com /Encoding 16 0 R ______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific charac. . Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. present one sample design throughout the task.d. b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. The typical purpose of subgoals is toa. Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? well-defined; information processing. Janet is alone in a room that has a chair & shelf w/ a book resting on top. The population of the town of Plymouth was 7,9507,9507,950 and decreasing by 505050 residents per year. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays.
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